Rail brace



Aug. I9, 1947.

J. H. ASSELIN `RAIL BRACE Filed May 1e, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Ummm,

A118- 19, 1947 J. H. AssELlN 2,426,137

RAIL BRAcE Filed My 16, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 m .MRQMM Wemag Aug. 19, 1947.

J. H. Assi-:LIN l 2,426,137

RAIL BRACE Filed may 1e, 1945'. 5 sheets-sheet s Aug w, 394?, .1. H. AssELlN RAIL BRACE Filed May 16, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Aug. 19,1947. I v- J. H.,AssEl |N RAIL BI'RACE 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed May 16, 1945 Patented Aug. 19, 1947 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE RAIL BRACE Jamesv H. Asselin, Winnetka, Ill. Application May 16, 1945, Serial No. 593,97 9

(Cl. 23S-292) 10 Claims. l

This invention relates to rail braces for railway track. This application is a continuation-impart of my copending application Serial No. 545,419, led July 18, 1944. (Now Patent-No. 2,419,701.)

It is a well-known phenomena that as a train approaches a section of track, it sets up in that track a vertical up-and-down wave or oating action of the rail. Such rail wave motion is inherent in train movement over track and apparently cannot be prevented, even if this would be desirable. There are in fact many reasons which point to the fact that such ilexibility in track is both necessary and important. Be that as it may, such wave motion has rendered it impossible to provide a rail brace of the bolted type in which the securing bolt or bolts will not loosen in time` as the result of the vibr-atory forces set up by such wave motion of the rail.

The present invention is directed to a rail brace which is a combination of the bolted and nonbolted types, that is, which is provided with one or more bolts which are adapted to secure the brace member to the tie plate and also with other means for securing the brace in place which cooperate with the bolt securing means and are also capable of acting independently.

The invention accepts the fact that securing bolts will in time become loose, and that if not tightened from time to time, the effectiveness of the rail brace will be diminished or completely lost, if theybe the only means provided. Consequently, the invention provides, besides the boltsecuring means, another fastening arrangement, which not only cooperates with the bolt-securing means but also electively operates to maintain the rail brace in fully operative bracing position even after the securing bolts referred to have become loosened, or `even if such bolts should by accident become broken. Such other fastening means as the invention provides are of a special nature and in the preferred form are comprised of a block secured to the tie plate, and a wedge disposed between the block and the brace member, the connection between the wedge and the brace member being in the form of a cylinder and socket joint, and the connection between the wedge and the block being such as to permit a limited pivoting or hinging movement of the wedge Thus, accepting the fact that the securing bolt or bolts comprising one of the fastening mean for the brace member will become loosened by Vibration, the brace member will still be maintained in rail-bracing position as the result of the structure referred to above. Moreover, such structure comprises means for urging the brace member into rail-bracing position before the bolts are initially tightened, and then cooperates with them in securing the brace in bracing position before the bolts become loosened by vibration.

It is to be understood that, in fact, both fastening means are equally important to the invention. Both means play an essential and vital role in cooperating to provide an elective and satisfactory rail brace.

It is a principal object of the Vide such a rail brace.

Attention is called to the fact that with such structure, and after the securing bolts have become loosened, the other securing means is so constructed that the wave motion of the rail is permitted to a limited degree, but it is controlled above the tie plates, and only a minor portion is permitted to transcend through the tie plates into the ties or through the ties to the ballast. By so controlling and limiting the eiect of this motion, the wear will be between the rail and tie plate, or between steel and steel. Thus wear on ties and loosening of ballast is greatly reduced. This is made possible by reason of the cylinder and socket connection between the brace member 4and the wedge, and because of the limited pivoting or hinging action permitted between the wedge and the block. Such structure provides the flexibility necessary to accommodate the wave or floating movement of the rail as a train passes thereover. It is an important object of the invention to provide a rail brace having such characteristics.

The invention also makes use of a member which is rigid with the tie plate and extends upwardly therefrom and over which the brace member is disposed. This member is adapted to perform a double` function. It prevents the brace member from moving longitudinally of the rail and it serves as a means for anchoring the securing bolt or bolts in such a manner that they may be inserted and removed without the necessity of passing them upwardly through a hole in the base plate. It is a further object of the invention to provide a rail brace having such a structure.

These and other objects of the invention will become more apparent from the ensuing description and claims and accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is an end elevation of one embodiment of the invention, the rail and the wedge being shown in section;

Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the same;

invention to pro- Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the same;

Fig. 4 is a front elevation showing a form employing two securing bolts;

Fig. 5 is a top plan View of the form shown in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 1 but showing a slightly modified form;

Fig. '7 is a top plan view of the form shown in Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a plan View modified structure form bolt;

Fig. 9 is a section taken on the line 9 9 of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is a sectional view through a rail brace having a. special dual purpose stop block; and

Fig. 1l is a plan view of the same portions being broken away to show the interior structure more clearly.

Referring to Fig. 1, reference numeral 10 represents a metal tie plate which is disposed on the tie II. The upper surface of the tie plate I is provided with a shallow recess. One shoulder I3 of this recess is adapted to be engaged by the inner edge of the base of the rail I4. The outer edge of the rail I4 is engaged by a transverse rod I which is welded or otherwise secured to the tie plate.

The reference numeral I6 indicates a transverse block which may be integral with the tie plate or which may be welded to the tie plate as indicated at I1.

The brace member I8 is comprised of a. main solid portion I9 from which an upper surface 26 slopes inwardly and upwardly toward the rail head, Two side walls 2l and 22 (see also Fig. 2) connect with the main portion I9 and also with the upper surface 26. The upper surface 28 of the brace member I8 is adapted to engage the under surface of the head of the rail I4 while the lower edges of the side walls 2l and 22 of the brace member engage the upper surface of the base of the rail I4.

The main portion I9 of the brace member has an outer surface 23 which is curved in section and is in the form of a half cylinder. When in bracing position, a line running longitudinally of the semi-cylindrical main portion I9 is disposed at an angle to the inner surface 24 of the block I6. This semi-cylindrical outer surface 23, however, is spaced from the block I6 so that a wedge may be inserted between the two as will be hereinafter described.

The brace member IS is provided with a central boss 25 which has a vertical hole 26, elongated in section, through which a securing bolt 21 may be inserted if a bolted brace is desired. In such instances, the securing bolt is inserted through an opening 28 in the tie plate I0 from below and the brace member is held in place by a lock washer 29 and a nut 30. Another washer 3| may also be employed.

From Fig. l it Will be clear that the block I6 is provided with a longitudinal groove 32 which is frusto-conical in section. Perhaps more accurately the groove in section has the shape of a truncated triangle.

The rail I4 may be secured to the tie II by means of spikes 33 which pass through openings 34 in the tie plate I6 and thence into the tie itself.

Attention is directed now to the wedge member 35 shown in Figs. l, 2 and 3. It will be seen that this wedge member 35 is an elongated metal structure having on one side edge a laterally of a tie plate showing a for inserting the securing extending tongue 36 which in section has the shape of a truncated triangle and the cross-sectional area of which is slightly less than the crosssectional area of the groove 32 in the block I6.

The brace engaging surface 31 of the wedge 35 is of concave-serni-cylindrical form and is complementary to that of the semi-cylindrical portion of the brace member.

The wedge 35 is adapted to be inserted hori zontally in a direction longitudinally of the rail. It will be seen that as the wedge is inserted, the brace member will be forced inwardly into engagement with the rail. After the wedge 35 has been inserted, it may be locked in position by means of a cotter pin 38 which is adapted to be inserted in one of the series of holes 39 in the tongue 36 of the wedge, as shown in Fig. 2. In those instances in which a bolted brace is desired, it is to be understood that the securing bolt will have been inserted as described above and that the brace member is then further secured in its bracing position by tightening the nut 30.

Attention is directed to the laterally extending lug 40 on the brace member. This lug extends to the side of the brace member and then downwardly where it is adapted to engage the edge 4I of the tie plate II). This lug acts as a stop and prevents movement of the brace member longitudinally of the rail when the wedge is being inserted. f

In Figs. 4 and 5, a somewhat similar arrangement is disclosed, the principal diierence residing in the fact that the boss 42 is enlarged and is provided with two holes 43 and 44 so that two securing bolts 45 and 46 may be employed. These are used with the tightening nuts 41 and 48 and the lock washers 49 and 50 and an apertured plate 5I. In other respects, this modification is similar to that illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3.

Another arrangement is illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7. Here the principal distinction resides in the use of a plate 52 which in use is disposed over the boss 53. This plate is provided with openings for the bolts 54 and 55 and the plate is adapted to extend over the top of the wedge member 56. The wedge member is provided with a series of holes 51 and the plate 52 likewise is provided with a series of holes 58. When the wedge has been driven into place a, eotter pin 59 is passed through registering holes in the plate and in the wedge to lock the wedge in position. Lock washers 60 and 6I and tightening nuts 62 and 63 are employed as in the embodiment of Figs. 4 and 5.

Figs. 8 and 9 illustrate a slightly modified type of tie plate 63 which is provided with a keyshaped slot 65, one portion of which is undercut as indicated by the dotted line 66 in Fig. 8. The purpose of this arrangement is to permit the insertion of a securing bolt 61 after the tie plate has been secured to the tie. As will be seen, the bolt 61 is provided with a head 63 which is of a diameter slightly less than the diameter of the circular portion 69 of the keyhole-shaped slot 65. The bolt 61 can thus be lowered through this enlarged opening 68 and then slid inwardly (to the right in Fig. 8) to the position shown in that figure and also in Fig. 9. It is believed that this modication possesses many advantages. For example, it overcomes the serious difficulty encountered in previously known bolted rail brace structures in which it was necessary to insert the securing bolt or bolts from beneath the tie plate. In such structures it was necessary to insert the bolt before the tie plate was disposed on the tie.

Replacing a securing bolt in such structures necessitated a great deal of work and consumed much time.

Finally, in the embodiment shown in Figs. and 11, a cognate arrangement has been employed. The securing bolt 10, however, in this instance, is held in place by the block or positioning member 'H which is Welded or otherwise secured to the upper surface of the tie plate '12. The block or positioning member 1|, as will be noted from Fig. 11, is so dimensioned as to permit the brace member 13 to be disposed directly thereover. In assembling this structure, the bolt 'IIJ is disposed in vertical position on the tie plate and is inserted (from left to right in Fig. 11) in the slot opening 14 in the outer side of the block or positioning member 'H and which is provided with side walls 15. The upper portion of the slot opening 14 is of less cross-sectional area than the base of the opening and is sufficiently large to permit the shank 76 of the securing bolt 10 to pass therethrough. The lower portion 'Il of the opening is rectangular and of a size suflicient to receive the head 18 of the bolt 1B. After the bolt has been so inserted, the brace member is disposed in the position shown in Fig. `10 with the bolt passing through an opening 'I9 in the boss 80 on the brace member 73. The wedge member is then inserted and driven into place and finally the nut 8| is tightened, thus securing the rail brace rigidly to the tie plate l2.

It will be noted that in this embodiment, the block 'H performs two valuable functions. First, it provides means whereby the securing bolt l!) may be inserted after the tie plate has been dis- I posed in place, and, secondly, the block or positioning member 'H performs the valuable function of insuring the brace member against movement longitudinally of the rail at all times and particularly when the wedge is being driven into place.

It is to be understood that the rail braces illustrated and -described are examples only and that changes in the structure and arrangement of the parts may be the invention.

I claim:

1. A rail brace comprising, a base plate adapted to be disposed beneath a railroad rail, said base plate having a raised abutment for engaging one end of the rail brace, a block rigid with the base plate and spaced from the opposite edge of rail when said rail is disposed in place on said base plate, said block having a surface facing toward said rail, a brace member for engaging the rail, said brace member being positioned between the rail and said block and having a surface facing towards said block, the facing surface of said block and brace member being contained in nonparallel planes, the surface of Ysaid block facing said rail having a longitudinal groove extending throughout its length, said groove in section having the shape of a truncated triangle, a wedge adapted to be driven horizontally between said block and said brace member, said wedgehaving side surfaces complementary to the adjacent surfaces of said block and said brace member, a tongue extending laterally from the side surface of the wedge adj-acont said block for engagement within said groove when the wedge is driven into place, said tongue in section being similar to the section of said groove, the cross sectional `area of said groove being slightly larger than that of said tongue, the facing surface of said wedge and said brace member being provided with complemade within the scope of mentary semi-circular profiles forming a cylinder and socket joint between said brace member and said wedge, said brace member having an opening therethrough, and at least one bolt having a head engaged by the base plate and extending upwardly through said opening in said brace member, said bolt being provided with a nut for tightening the brace member to the base plate.

2. A rail vbrace comprising a base plate the upper surface of which is provided with first and second abutments spaced from each other and adapted when in operative position to be disposed on opposite sides of a rail with the rst abutment engaging one edge of the rail base and the other being spaced from the opposite edge of the rail, a brace member having a portion for engaging the rail and a, portion disposed on said base plate, said latter portion having a side surface facing said second abutment, the facing surfaces of said brace member and said second-abutment being contained in non-parallel vertical planes, a wedge having side surfaces complementary to the facing surfaces of said brace member and said second abutment, a tongue and groove connection between said wedge and said second abutment, said groove having a vertical distance greater than said tongue, the facing surfaces of said Wedge and said brace member forming a cylinder and socket joint when the wedge is driven in place in a longitudinal direction between said brace member and said second abutment, bolt means for securing the brace member in rail engaging position, said tongue and groove connection and said cylindrical socket joint being substantially rigid when said bolt means is tight but being so dimensioned as to hold the brace member securely in bracing position when said bolt means becomes loose.

3. A rail brace comprising, a base plate the upper Surface of which is provided with first and second abutments spaced from each other and adapted when in operative position to be disposed on opposite sides of a rail with the first abutment engaging one edge of the rail base and the other being spaced from the opposite edge of the rail, a brace member having a portion adapted to be positioned on said base plate, a top portion extending to a point beneath the head of the rail, and depending side walls the lower edges of which engage the upper surface of the base of the rail, said portion adapted to be positioned on said base plate having a side surface facing said second abutment, the facing surfaces of said brace member and said second abutment being contained in non-parallel vertical planes, a wedge having side surfaces complementary to the facing surfaces of said brace member and said second abutment, a tongue and groove connection between said wedge and said second abutment, said groove having a vertical distance greater than said tongue, and facing surfaces of said wedge `and said brace member forming a cylinder and socket joint when the wedge is driven in place in a longitudinal direction between said brace member and said second abutment, bolt means for securing the brace member in rail engaging position, said tongue and groove connectionand said cylindrical socket joint. being substantially rigid when said bolt means is tight but being so dimensioned as to hold the brace member securely in bracing position when said bolt means becomes loose and a positioning member rigid with the base plate and extending upwardly from the upper surface thereof, and having surfaces for engaging the depending side walls of said brace member when the latter is disposed thereover in bracing position, whereby the brace member is prevented from movement longitudinally of the rail.

4, A rail brace comprising, a base plate adapted to be disposed beneath a railroad rail, said base plate having a raised abutment for engaging one end of the rail brace, a block rigid with the base plate and spaced from the opposite edge of a rail when said rail is disposed in place on said base plate, said block having a surface facing toward said rail, a brace member for engaging the rail, said brace member being positioned between the rail and said block and having a surface facing towards said block, the facing surfaces of said block and brace member being contained in nonparallel planes, the surface of said block. facing said rail having a longitudinal groove extending throughout its length, said groove in section having the shape of a truncated triangle, a wedge adapted to be driven horizontally between said block and said brace member, said wedge having side surfaces complementary to the adjacent surfaces of said block and said brace member, -a tongue extending laterally from the side surface of the wedge adjacent said blocli for engagement within said groove when the wedge is driven into place, said tongue in section being similar to the section of said groove, the cross sectional area of said groove being slightly larger than that of said tongue, the facing surfaces of said wedge and said brace member being provided with complementary semi-circular profiles forming a cylinder and socket joint between said brace member and said wedge, said brace member having a portion for disposition on said base plate and .f

a top portion extending from said first portion for engagement with the rail, said top portion having depending side walls the lower edges of which engage an upper surface of the base of the rail, and a positioning member rigid with said base plate, said positioning member when the brace member is in operative position being disposed between the side walls of said brace member to prevent movement of said brace member longitudinally of the rail.

`5. A rail brace comprising a base plate the upper surface of which is provided with first and second abutments spaced from each other and adapted when in operative position to be disposed on opposite sides of a rail with the first abutment engaging one edge of the rail base and the other being spaced from the opposite edge of the rail, a brace member having a portion for engaging the rail and a portion disposed on said base plate, said latter portion having a side surface facing said second abutment, the facing surfaces of said brace member and said second abutment being contained in non-parallel vertical planes, a wedge having side surfaces complementary to the facing surfaces of said brace member and said second abutment, a tongue and groove connection between said Wedge and said second abutment, said groove having a vertical distance greater than said tongue, the facing surfaces of said wedge and said brace member forming a cylinder and socket joint when the wedge is driven in place in a longitudinal direction between said brace member and'said second abutment, said wedge with its tongue and groove connection with said block and its cylinder and socket connection with s`aid brace member comprising an adequate first means for securing the brace member in effective rail bracing position, bolt means for bolting said brace member with respect to said base plate after said brace member has been positioned in rail bracing position, said bolt means comprising a second means of securing the brace member in rail bracing position, said first means being effective to brace the rail even after said second means becomes loose or broken as the result of vibration or the like.

6. A rail brace comprising a base plate the upper surface of which is provided with first and second abutments spaced from each other and adapted when in operative position to be disposed on opposite sides of a rail with the first abutment engaging one edge of the rail base and the other being spaced from the opposite edge of the rail, a brace member having a portion for engaging the rail and a portion disposed on said base plate, said latter portion having a side surface facing said second abutment, the facing surfaces of said brace member and said second abutment being contained in non-parallel vertical planes, a wedge having side surfaces complementary to the facing surfaces of said brace member and said second abutment, a tongue and groove connection between said wedge and said second abutment, said groove having a vertical distance greater than said tongue, the facing surfaces of said wedge and said brace member forming a cylinder and socket joint when the wedge is driven in place in a longitudinal direction between said brace member and said second abutment, said brace member having a portion for disposition on said base plate and a top portion extending from said rst portion for engagement with the rail, said top portion having depending side walls the lower edges of which engage an upper surface of the base of the rail, a positioning member on said base plate, said positioning member when the brace member is in operative position being disposed between the side walls of said brace member and substantially in engagement with said side walls, whereby movement of said brace member longitudinally of the rail is prevented, a securing bolt, the top portion of said brace member having a least one opening for said securing bolt, and means in said positioning member for engaging the head of said securing bolt to anchor the same in position.

7. A rail brace comprising a base plate the upper surface of which is provided with rst and second abutments spaced from each other and adapted when in operative position to be disposed on opposite sides of a rail with the first abutment engaging one edge of the rail base and the other being spaced from the opposite edge of the rail, a brace member having a portion for engaging the rail and a portion disposed on said base plate, said latter portion having a side surface facing said second abutment, the facing surfaces of said brace member and said second abutment being contained in non-parallel vertical planes, a wedge having side surfaces complementary to the facing surfaces of said brace member and said second abutment, a tongue and groove connection between said wedge and said second abutment, said groove having a vertical distance greater than said tongue, the facing surfaces of said wedge and said brace member forming a cylinder and socket joint when the wedge is driven in place in a longitudinal direction between said brace member and said second abutment, said brace member having a portion for disposition on said base plate and a top portion extending from said rst portion for engagement with the rail, said top portion having depending side walls the lower edges of which engage an uppei1 surface of the base of the rail, a positioning member on said base plate, said positioning member when the brace member is in operative position being disposed between the side walls of said brace member and substantially in engagement with said side walls, whereby movement of said brace member longitudinally of the rail is pre vented, and a securing bolt, the top portion of said brace member having at least one opening for said securing bolt, said positioning member having at least one cut out to receive the head and shank of a securing bolt to anchor the same,

whereby said securing bolt may be inserted in place from above the base plate.

8. A rail brace comprising, a base plate adapted to be disposed beneath a railroad rail, said base plate having a raised abutment for engaging one end of the rail brace, a block rigid with the base plate and spaced from the opposite edge of rail when said rail is disposed in place on said base plate, said block having a surface facing towards said rail, a brace member for engaging the rail, said brace member being positioned between the rail and said block and having a surface facing towards said block, the facing surface of said block and brace member being contained in nonparallel planes, the surface of said block facing said rail having a longitudinal groove extending throughout its length, said groove in section having the shape of a truncated triangle, a wedge adapted to be driven horizontally between said block and said brace member, said wedge having side surfaces complementary to the adjacent surfaces of said block and said brace member, a tongue extending laterally from the side surface of the wedge adjacent said block for engagement within said groove when the wedge is driven into place, said tongue in section being similar to the section of said groove, the cross sectional area of said groove being slightly larger than that of said tongue, the facing surface of said wedge and said brace member being provided with complementary semi-circular profiles forming a cylinder and socket joint between said brace member and said Wedge, said brace member having a portion adapted to be positioned on said base plate, a top portion extending to a point beneath the head of the rail, and depending side walls the lower edges of which engage an upper surface of the base of the rail, and a positioning member rigid with the base plate and extending upwardly from the upper surface thereof and having surfaces for engaging said depending side Walls of said brace member when the latter is disposed thereover in bracing position, whereby the brace member is prevented from movement longitudinally of the rail, said positioning member having at least one cut out to receive a securing bolt to anchoi` the same, the rail portion of said cut out being substantially rectangular to receive a square headed bolt, said brace member having at least one hole therein through which the securing bolt may be passed, so that the brace member may be bolted with respect to the base plate, the portion of said cut out which is substantially rectangular having its entrant walls at an acute angle to a line perpendicular to the edge of the rail.

9. A rail brace comprising a base plate the upper surface of which is provided with first and second abutments spaced from each other and adapted when in operative position to be dis'- posed on opposite sides of a rail with the first abutment engaging one edge of the rail base and the other being spaced from the opposite edge of the rail, a brace member having a portion for engaging the rail and a portion disposed on said base plate, said latter portion having a side surface facing said second abutment, the facing surfaces of said brace member and said second abutment being contained in non-parallel vertical planes, a ,wedge having side surfaces complementary to the facing surfaces of said brace member and said second abutment, a tongue and groove connection between said wedge and said second abutment, said groove having a vertical distance greater than said tongue, the facing surfaces of said wedge and said brace member forming a cylinder and socket joint when the wedge is driven in place in a longitudinal direction between said brace member and said second abutment, said brace member having an opening therethrough for a securing bolt, said base plate beneath said opening having means for engaging the head of a securing bolt, said means including a slot permitting a securing bolt to be inserted from above in the base plate.

10. A rail brace comprising a base plate the upper surface of which is provided with iirst and second abutments spaced from each other and adapted when in operative position to be disposed on opposite sides of a rail with the first abutment engaging one edge of the rail base and the other being spaced from the opposite edge of the rail, a brace member having a portion for engaging the rail and a portion disposed on said base plate, said latter portion having a side surface facing said second abutment, the facing surfaces of said brace member and said second abutment being contained in non-parallel vertical planes, a wedge having side surfaces complementary to the facing surfaces of said brace member and said second abutment, a tongue and groove connection between said wedge and said second abutment, said groove having a vertical distance greaterl than said tongue, the facing surfaces of said wedge and said brace member forming a cylinder and socket joint when the wedge is driven in place in a longitudinal direction between said brace member and said second abutment, said brace member having an opening therethrough fora securing bolt, said base plate beneath said opening having a means for engaging the head of a securing bolt, said last named means comprising a key-hole slot the enlarged portion of which is of a diameter sufcient to permit entry of the head of a securing bolt and the narrowed portion of which is of a width slightly larger than the shank of a securing bolt, whereby a securing bolt may be inserted from above the base plate.

JAMES H. ASSELIN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 837,175 Anderson Nov. 27, 1906 1,126,507 Liebmann Jan. 26, 1915 1,365,680 Gibbs Jan. 18, 1921 1,370,302 Gibbs Mar. 1, 1921 1,478,558 Edwards Dec. 25, 1923 2,035,929 Steward et al Mar. 31, 1936 1,074,005 Morrow Sept. 23, 1913 2,257,853 Olds Oct. 7, 1941 2,356,080 Nordberg Aug. 15, 1944 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 470,061 Germany Jan. 8, 1929 

